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In the United States (U.S.), a marksmanship badge is a U.S. military badge or a civilian badge which is presented to personnel upon successful completion of a weapons qualification course (known as marksmanship qualification badges) or high achievement in an official marksmanship competition (known as marksmanship competition badges). Today, the U.S. Army and the U.S. Marine Corps are the only military services that issue marksmanship qualification badges. However, marksmanship medals and/or marksmanship ribbons are issued by the U.S. Navy, U.S. Coast Guard, and U.S. Air Force for weapons qualifications. For non-military personnel, the Civilian Marksmanship Program (CMP) issue marksmanship qualification badges to civilians and Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) members. Additionally, the National Rifle Association (NRA) also issue marksmanship qualification badges to civilians as well as those involved in U.S. law enforcement. All of these organizations and the U.S. National Guard awarded marksmanship competition badges to the people they support who succeed in official competitions.〔(U.S. Army Pamphlet 670–1: Uniform and Insignia, Guide to the Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia ), Department of the Army Publications and Forms, dated 31 March 2014, last accessed 23 June 2014〕〔(U.S. Marine Corps Order P1020.34G: Marine Corps Uniform Regulations, Chapters 1-5 ), Permanent Marine Corps Uniform Board, dated 30 March 2003, last updated 16 May 2008, last accessed 15 February 2015〕〔(U.S. Navy Uniform Regulations: Chapter 5, Section 3 Identification Badges/Awards/Insignia ), Navy Personnel Command, updated 9 May 2014, last accessed 22 March 2015〕〔(U.S. Coast Guard Uniform Regulations COMDTINST M1020.6H ), Commandant United States Coast Guard, dated April 2013, last accessed 29 September 2013〕〔(U.S. Air Force Instruction 36-2903: Dress and Personal Appearance of Air Force Personnel, Secretary of the Air Force, dated 17 January 2014, last accessed 20 June 2014 )〕〔(Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon ), Air Force Personnel Center, posted 5 Aug 10, last accessed 5 January 2015〕〔(Qualification Awards For JROTC Rifle Marksmanship ), Civilian Marksmanship Program, dated 3 February 2009, last accessed 4 January 2015〕〔(Winchester/NRA Marksmanship Qualification Program ); National Rifle Association, Education and Training, Winchester/NRA Marksmanship Qualification Program, Qualification Awards, last accessed 7 April 2013〕〔(U.S. Air Force Instruction 34-143: Excellence-In-Competition (EIC) ), Secretary of the Air Force, dated 21 Feb 12, last accessed 06 Jan 13〕〔(Civilian Marksmanship Program, Distinguished Shooter Badges ), CMP's The Distinguished Program homepage, last accessed 4 January 2015〕〔(Going Distinguished ), Shooting Sports USA Magazine (extract), by Dan Holmes, dated May 2010, last accessed 18 November 2012〕〔(Junior Distinguished Badge ), Civilian Marksmanship Program, last accessed 4 January 2015〕〔(Tabs and Badges a Measure of Marksmanship ), Missouri National Guard, dated 14 December 2010, last accessed 18 May 2014〕 The U.S. Army issues their marksmanship qualification badges for a variety of weapons while the U.S. Marine Corps only issues theirs for the service rifle and service pistol. For civilians, the CMP issues the Army Marksmanship Qualification Badges for rifle, small bore rifle, pistol, and small bore pistol as well as its own air rifle badges. The NRA issues marksmanship qualification badges for air rifles, rifles, pistols, and shotguns; however the NRA focuses on different rifles and pistols than the CMP. For marksmanship competition badges, the U.S. military award rifle and pistol competition badges; however, the U.S. National Guard also award marksmanship competition badges for machine gun and sniper rifle. The CMP awards marksmanship competition badges for air rifle, rifle, pistol, and .22 rimfire pistol while the NRA awards them for air rifle, small bore rifle, revolver, and semi-automatic pistol.〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔(Civilian Marksmanship Program Competition Rules, 19th Edition-2015 ), Civilian Marksmanship Program, dated 5 February 2015, last accessed 19 April 2015〕 The U.S. military and CMP marksmanship qualification badges are awarded in three grades (highest to lowest): expert, sharpshooter, and marksman while their marksmanship competition badges are awarded in two to three grades (highest to lowest): silver, and bronze for the U.S. Army, U.S. Coast Guard, and U.S. civilians; gold, silver, and bronze for the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps; and silver with wreath, bronze with wreath, and bronze for the U.S. Air Force. The NRA marksmanship qualification badges are awarded in five to six grades (highest to lowest): distinguished expert, expert, sharpshooter, marksman first-class ''(Winchester/NRA Marksmanship Qualification Program only)'', marksman, and pro-marksman. The NRA and the U.S. National Guard marksmanship competition badges are only awarded at one grade with the exception of the NRA's Law Enforcement Distinguished Program, which awards a Law Enforcement Excellence-in-Competition Badge for those officers who earn their first points towards one of the law enforcement distinguished badges.〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔(NRA Distinguished Revolver/Pistol Program ), NRA > Law Enforcement > Law Enforcement Firearm Competitions, last accessed 1 July 2014〕 ==Marksmanship Qualification Badges== Starting in the late 19th century, the U.S. Army began awarding marksmanship qualification badges to their Soldiers that met specific weapon qualification standards. In the early 20th century, the U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Navy began awarding marksmanship qualification badges as well. The Marine Corps began by awarding Army Marksmanship Qualification Badges but eventually developed its own badge design, based on the original Army designs from the early 1900s. The Navy developed its own marksmanship qualification badge but retired it after only ten years in lieu of awarding marksmanship ribbons and dedals.〔(U.S. Army Weapons Qualification Badges and Certificates, 1880–1921 ), U.S. Army Insignia, by William K. Emerson, last accessed 29 December 2014〕〔(U.S. Marine Corps Marksmanship Badges from 1912 to the Present ), History and Museums Division, Headquarters Marine Corps, by Michael D. Visconage, dated 1982, last accessed 19 January 2013〕〔(Navy Expert Rifle Medal ), MilitaryVetsPX.com, last accessed 2 February 2013〕 For U.S. civilians, the Office of the Director of Civilian Marksmanship, now known as the Corporation for the Promotion of Rifle Practice and Firearm Safety (CPRPFS), and the National Rifle Association (NRA) began promoting civilian marksmanship in 1903. The CPRPFS's Civilian Marksmanship Program (CMP) awards Army Marksmanship Qualification Badges to civilians who meet Army weapon qualification standards as well as its own badges to youth for air rifle marksmanship. The NRA began awarding its own marksmanship qualification badges to civilians in 1918 and today has two primary marksmanship proficiency programs, the Winchester/NRA Marksmanship Qualification Program and the Explorer Service Handgun Qualification Program. Additionally, the NRA supports numerous other firearm proficiency programs throughout the United States, such as those found within various law enforcement agencies.〔〔〔(Welcome to the CMP ), Civilian Marksmanship Program, last accessed 7 April 2013〕〔(History of the National Rifle Association Marksmanship Qualification Program ), Written by Denise Conni for NRA InSights, Firearm User Network, dated 1 September 2011, last accessed 7 April 2013〕〔(Winchester/NRA Marksmanship Qualification Program ), NRA Programs, Education and Training, Firearm Training; last accessed 20 January 2014〕〔(Explorer Service Handgun Qualification Program ), NRA Youth Programs, last accessed 3 March 2014〕〔(Law Enforcement Marksmanship Qualification Pins ), NRA Program Materials Center, last accessed 25 May 2014〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marksmanship Badges (United States)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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